Diffusion Soup: Model Merging for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models

Benjamin J Biggs*, Arjun Seshadri, Yang Zou, Achin Jain, Aditya Golatkar, Yusheng Xie, Alessandro Achille, Ashwin Swaminathan, Stefano Soatto ;

"We present Diffusion Soup, a compartmentalization method for Text-to-Image Generation that averages the weights of diffusion models trained on sharded data. By construction, our approach enables training-free continual learning and unlearning with no additional memory or inference costs, since models corresponding to data shards can be added or removed by re-averaging. We show that Diffusion Soup samples from a point in weight space that approximates the geometric mean of the distributions of constituent datasets, which offers anti-memorization guarantees and enables zero-shot style mixing. Empirically, Diffusion Soup outperforms a paragon model trained on the union of all data shards and achieves a 30% improvement in Image Reward (.34 → .44) on domain sharded data, and a 59% improvement in IR (.37 → .59) on aesthetic data. In both cases, souping also prevails in TIFA score (respectively, 85.5 → 86.5 and 85.6 → 86.8). We demonstrate robust unlearning—removing any individual domain shard only lowers performance by 1% in IR (.45 → .44)—and validate our theoretical insights on anti-memorization using real data. Finally, we showcase Diffusion Soup’s ability to blend the distinct styles of models finetuned on different shards, resulting in the zero-shot generation of hybrid styles."